FDM vs SLA vs SLS vs MJF: Comparing 3D Printing Technologies
A comparison of four common 3D printing technologies by strength, surface finish, accuracy, materials and cost, and which one to choose for your part.
Table of contents 7 sections
“3D printing” is not one process but a family of technologies, each with different strengths. Choosing the right one lets you meet your part’s requirements without paying for capabilities you do not need.
In short: choose FDM for economical prototypes and large parts, SLA for fine detail and smooth surfaces, and SLS or MJF for durable functional parts. MJF stands out for low-to-mid volume production.
Comparison table
| Property | FDM | SLA | SLS | MJF |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Material | Thermoplastic filament (PLA, PETG, ABS, PA-CF) | Photopolymer resin | Nylon powder (PA12, PA11) | Nylon powder (PA12, PA11) |
| Surface | Visible layer lines | Very smooth | Matte, slightly rough | Matte, smoother than SLS |
| Typical accuracy | ±0.2–0.5 mm | ±0.1–0.2 mm | about ±0.3 mm | about ±0.3 mm |
| Supports | Required | Required | Not required | Not required |
| Mechanical strength | Medium; weaker across layers | Resin dependent; often brittle | High, tough | High, more uniform |
| Cost (low volume) | Lowest | Medium | Medium–high | Medium–high |
| Best suited to | Fast prototypes, fixtures, large parts | Visual models, fine detail, clear parts | Functional parts, complex geometry | Low-to-mid volume production |
Accuracy values are typical ranges that vary with machine, material and part size; confirm the manufacturer’s capability for critical dimensions.
FDM: economical and fast
FDM deposits molten filament layer by layer. It is the most common and economical method, ideal for large parts and prototypes that need fast iteration. Parts are weaker across layers, so print orientation matters for load-bearing parts.
SLA: detail and surface quality
SLA cures liquid resin layer by layer with light. It is preferred for visual prototypes, dental models and master patterns for silicone molding where fine detail and smooth surfaces are needed. Standard resins can become brittle under prolonged UV exposure.
SLS: support-free durability
SLS sinters nylon powder with a laser. The unfused powder supports the part, so internal channels and moving assemblies can be printed in one piece. It suits tough, durable functional parts.
MJF: close to production
MJF jets agents onto a powder bed and fuses them with heat. Processing an entire layer at once makes it fast, and parts show more consistent mechanical properties in every direction. It can be an alternative to injection molding for tens to a few thousand parts.
Which technology should I choose?
- Is appearance the priority? SLA.
- Are strength and function the priority? SLS or MJF.
- Tight budget, large part? FDM.
- Hundreds of the same part? MJF; at higher volumes consider injection molding.
If you are unsure, describe where and how the part will be used in your quote request. Manufacturers can recommend the most suitable technology and material.
Checklist
- The part’s intended use and priority property are clear
- Minimum wall thickness suits the technology (usually 1–2 mm)
- Notes added for fits and screw holes
- Escape holes in hollow parts (SLS, MJF, SLA)
- Colour and finish expectations stated
Upload your STL or STEP file, describe how the part will be used and let manufacturers recommend the best technology.